4 independence movements, 4 regions
New Spain, 4 phases:
- Hidalgo revolution (1810-11)
- Morelos disciplined polit-military campaign (1811-15)
- Guerrilla insurgencies on the periphery
- Conservative “coup” led by royalist commander, Augustin de Iturbide (1822)
Rio de la Plata: Early victory (1810), delayed peace (18??)
New Granada: One nation or three?
Peru: 2 royalist armies, the last patriot victory (1826)
Cuba, “always faithful isle”…until 1896. “Slavery is worth an army of 100,000.”