Gender: patriarchies and double standards

• Native: gendered division of laboruniversal, early marriage (15-16 yrs)access to village lands via household

• Iberiansex-ratio imbalance--5-10 males/femalenearly universal, later marriage (17-18)equi-partible inheritance

• Africansex ratio imbalance--3 males/femaleslavery threatened family, communityadvantage of informal unions

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