Chaos in Spain: Invasion, 2 parliaments, 2 attempts at absolutism
Effect of French Revolution on independence:
- regicide, not rights of man
- Napoleon’s invasion shattered the dynastic tie, not the struggle for liberty or democracy
Spanish cortes, implacable imperialists
- refused colonial representation proportional to population, and other colonial demands
- Agustin Iturbide (1821): “The Cortes seem determined to lose these possessions.”
Ferdinand VII (absolute monarch 1813-1820; 1823-1833) : “learned nothing, forgot nothing”
- harsh reprisals in Spain and Spanish America
- 1820 coup: Spain could no longer protect against revolt in America