Mexican Sample Characteristics
Census Characteristics
		1960	1970		1990	2000
Title		VIII General Population and Housing Census, 1960	IX General Population and Housing Census, 1970		XI General Population and Housing Census, 1990	XII General Population and Housing Census, 2000
Census Agency		Dirección General de Estadística, Secretaría de Industria y Comercio	Dirección General de Estadística, Secretaría de Industria y Comercio		Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI)	Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI)
Population universe		Mexican residents; foreign born living more than 6 months in Mexico, excluding diplomatic personnel	Mexican residents, excluding foreign diplomats; includes Mexican diplomats, military, and sailors, including their families, resident in other countries			Mexican citizens, including Mexican diplomats and their families resident in other countries; foreign residents, not including foreigners in diplomatic service or their families. The census sought to enumerate vagrants, the homeless, and transient workers. The current version of the microdata sample excludes persons living abroad.
De jure or de facto		De jure	De jure	De jure		De jure
Enumeration unit		Occupied dwelling	Occupied dwelling	Occupied dwelling		Occupied dwelling
Census day		June 8, 1960	January 28, 1970	March 12, 1990		February 14, 2000
Field work period		June 8, 1960	Most work was completed on enumeration day	March 12-16, 1990		February 7-18, 2000
Enumeration forms		Separate enumeration form for each census block	Separate enumeration form for each dwelling	Separate enumeration form for each dwelling		Long (f1) and short (f2) dwelling enumeration forms; long form was applied to a sample survey.
Type of field work		Direct enumeration	Direct enumeration	Direct enumeration		Direct enumeration
Respondent		Householder	Householder	Householder		Persons 15 year of age or older living in the dwelling and knowledgeable about the other residents
Undercount		No official estimates
Sample characteristics
		1960	1970	1990		2000
Microdata source		CELADE	INEGI. Constructed from a sample of enumeration forms to obtain preliminary results for the census	INEGI. Constructed from the 100% microdata file		INEGI. Constructed from 100% of long form questionnaires
Sample design		Representative sample of individuals	Systematic sample of every hundredth dwelling, after a random start,	Systematic sample of private dwellings. Geographically sorted to increase precision. Samples executed independently for each federal entity		Stratified cluster design; stratified geographically by municipality and urban area. Clusters are defined as enumeration areas (AGEB), blocks of dwellings or localities. All dwellings within a cluster are included in sample. Sample fraction depends upon demographic heterogeneity of municipalities. The sample was designed to yield representative statistics for all localities with 50,000 inhabitants or more.
Sample unit		Individuals	Dwellings	Dwellings		Enumeration areas (AGEB/block of dwellings/locality)
Sample fraction		1.5%	1%	1%		10.6%
Sample size (person records)		502,800	483,405	802,767		10,099,182
Sample weights		Self-weighting Expansion factor = 66.7	Self-weighting Expansion factor = 100.	Self-weighting Expansion factor= 100.		Weights computed by census agency should be used for most types of analysis.
Units identified
	1960		1970	1990			2000
Dwellings	Not available in microdata sample		Yes	Yes			Yes
Vacant dwellings	No		No	No			No
Households	Not available in Microdata sample		Yes	Yes			Yes
Individuals	Yes		Yes	Yes			Yes
Group quarters	Not identified		Not identified	Not included in microdata sample			Not included in microdata sample
Special populations							Non-resident migrants are not included in the current version of the microdata.
Definitions of units identified
	1960		1970	1990			2000
Dwelling	Occupied dwelling with independent entryway used for shelter
Private household	Group of persons, related or not, who live together under the same roof and share food expenses
Group quarters	Not defined		Not defined	Building used to shelter people for reasons of assistance, health, education, religion, confinement or service
Historical Note The first national census of Mexico was conducted in 1895. Decennial censuses of the population have been carried out in years ending in zero for every decade since 1900 except 1920, when the census was conducted in 1921. In the census of 1930, standardization of the census schedule, enumeration procedures and the publication of tables were instituted. Computerization began with the 1950 census, and the first microdata sample was constructed for the census of 1960. The earthquake of 1985 destroyed INEGI's computing facilities before a national microdata sample could be constructed from the 1980 enumeration.
Sources Rabell, Cecilia, "Mexico -Census Microdata: 1960, 1970, 1990, 1995" in: Hall, McCaa and Thorvaldsen (eds.), Handbook of International Historical Microdata for Population Research. Minneapolis: Minnesota Population Center, 2000 Eternod, Marcela and Juan María Trejo. "Homologacion de las caracteristicas economicas de la poblacion en los censos mexicanos (Documento preliminar)", March 2001, IPUMS-International IPUMS-International, Minnesota Population Center, Muestras Censales Integradas, Mexico 1960,1970, 1990 y 2000, Datos y Documentos (CD) Mexico. Dirección General de Estadística, IX censo general de poblacion, 1970: 28 de enero de 1970: resumen general, DGE 1972 Mexico. Dirección General de Estadística, VIII censo general de poblacion, 1960, 8 de junio de 1960; resumen general, Mexico, 1962 Mexico. INEGI, Resumen General, Resultados definitivos Tabulados Basicos XI Censo General de Poblacion y Vivienda, 1990, INEGI 1993 Mexico. INEGI, XII Censo General de Poblacion y Vivienda, 2000 [www.inegi.gob.mx]