II: Paleodemography is methdologically challenged--remember Jaws!!!
1. Skeletal collections are too small to compute rates with much confidence.
2. There is systematic bias in depositing, recovering and/or aging skeletons (too few from age 25/35 and too many for adolescents and young adults) regardless of period or ancestry.
--Historical populations reconstructed from written documents do not show these patterns.
--Nor do African seasoning data (which support orthodox uniformitarianism).