Brazil, Colony to Empire, 1750-1822

• Economic recession and revival

  • Decline of gold and precious metals, 1750-
  • Agricultural booms (1770-): sugar, tobacco, cotton, rice, and coffee (1800)

• The age of Pombal, 1750-1777

  • transformation of colonial state and economy
  • strengthening of Portugal and Brazil

• Independence

  • Brazil from colony to metropolis, 1808
  • Restoration of Joao VI to Lisbon, 1821
  • Accession of Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, 1822

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