Silver: the heart of the Spanish empire in the Americas

• Wealth: Rural/Urban

• Encomenderos (individuals) to corregidores (crown bureacrats)

• Black Legend a la peruana: Guamán Poma de Ayala

• Potosí, heart of the viceroyalty of Peru

• Revolution in mining technology: the patio (amalgamation) process

• Double labor structure at Potosí: mita (forced draft) and mingas (voluntary)

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